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Figure 3 | Zoological Letters

Figure 3

From: Unexpected link between polyketide synthase and calcium carbonate biomineralization

Figure 3

OlPKS produces lipophilic substances secreted into the endolymph. (A) Intracellular localization of OlPKS in the OV epithelium (dorsal views of the left OV). Anti-OlPKS antibody detects the OlPKS protein at the apical region of the epithelial cells. Co-immunostaining with a membrane marker, PKC ζ, shows it localizes near the apical membrane. Yellow dotted line: OV. Scale bar: 10 μm. (B) Schematic procedure of the chimeric experiment. (C) Some images of the chimeric OVs in live embryos. [wt → ha] shows wt cells expressing DsRed are transplanted to an ha embryo. [ha → ha] is a negative control experiment. Yellow dotted lines: OVs. Scale bars: 10 μm. (D) Schematic representation of the heterologous expression system using A. oryzae. (E) Summary of the bioassay in the heterologous expression experiment. Numbers of ha embryos treated by the extract of olpks transfromant or that of empty vector toransformant are shown (Upper table). Grades of recovery of the mineralization: four otoliths (two per OV, fully rescued), 1–3 otoliths (at least one otolith per embryo, partially rescued) and no otolith (not rescued). Representative picture of treated embryo in each category is shown with a picture of wt embryo (Lower). Scale bar: 100 μm.

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