Table 1 Environmental variables included in the model analyses for cicada community structures
| Variable | Range | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Patch type | 3 levels | Small park, large park, forest |
| Imperviousness | 12.7–91.9 | Percentage of impervious area in 1-km radius |
| Altitudea | 3–319 | Altitude at the site (m) |
| Slope | 0.0–19.1 | Slope of the ground (°) |
| Soil hardness | 7.3–27.8 | Index of Yamanaka's soil hardness meter (mm) |
| Canopy | 15.6–100 | Percentage of canopy coverage in 30-m radius |
| Tree diversity | 0.0–3.1 | Shannon’s index (H) |
| Tree density | 2.2–20.0 | Number of trees per 100 m2 |