On the sighted ancestry of blindness – exceptionally preserved eyes of Mesozoic polychelidan lobsters

Audo, Denis; Haug, Joachim T.; Haug, Carolin; Charbonnier, Sylvain; Schweigert, Günter; Müller, Carsten H. G.; Harzsch, Steffen

doi:10.1186/s40851-016-0049-0

Zoological Letters

Table 1 Measurements and estimations of eyes proprieties in studied samples of polychelidan with preserved ommatidia

From: On the sighted ancestry of blindness – exceptionally preserved eyes of Mesozoic polychelidan lobsters

			d: Eye diameter (μm)	a: Om-matidia size (μm)	Ommatidia shape	Approximation of eye geometry used	n: Longest row of ommatidia	Opening angle of ommatidia (degree)	se: Surface of eye (μm²)	so: surface of one ommatidium (μm²)	Number of ommatidia
		Formula applied →	Measured		Flat	\( \frac{d}{a} \)	nul, by definition	\( \pi \times {\left(\frac{d}{2}\right)}^2 \)	Quadrate:	a²	\( \frac{se}{so} \)
Age	Species ↓	Specimen ↓	Measured		Hemispheric	\( \frac{\pi \times d}{2\times a} \)	\( \frac{180}{n} \)	\( 2\pi \times {\left(\frac{d}{2}\right)}^2 \)	Hexagonal:	\( \begin{array}{l}3\sqrt{3}\hfill \\ {}2\hfill \end{array}\times {\left(\begin{array}{l}a\hfill \\ {}2\hfill \end{array}\right)}^2 \)	\( \frac{se}{so} \)
Late Jurassic	Rosenfeldia oppeli	SMNS 66004	3,400	53	Hexagonal	Flat	64	0.00	9,079,203	1,824	4,976
	Rosenfeldia oppeli	SMNS 66004	3,400	53	Hexagonal	Hemispheric	101	1.79	18,158,406	1,824	9,953
	Palaeopentacheles roettenbacheri	SMNS 67903	1,100	35	Quadratic	Flat	31	0.00	950,332	1,225	776
	Palaeopentacheles roettenbacheri	SMNS 67903	1,100	35	Quadratic	Hemispheric	49	3.65	1,900,664	1,225	1,552
	Palaeopolycheles longipes	SMNS 63724	4,200	50	Quadratic	Flat	84	0	13,854,424	2,500	5,542
	Palaeopolycheles longipes	SMNS 63724	4,200	50	Quadratic	Hemispheric	132	1.36	27,708,847	2,500	11,084
	Knebelia totoroi	SMNS 67916	7,200	67.5	Quadratic	Flat	107	0	40,715,041	4,556	8,936
	Knebelia totoroi	SMNS 67916	7,200	67.5	Quadratic	Hemispheric	168	1.07	81,430,082	4,556	17,872
Middle Jurassic	Proeryon giganteus	FSL 170603	9,100	90	Quadratic	Flat	101	0	65,038,822	8,100	8,029
		FSL 170603	9,100	90	Quadratic	Hemispheric	159	1.13	130,077,644	8,100	16,059
		UJF-ID 11547	11,000	88	Quadratic	Flat	125	0	95,033,178	7,744	12,272
		UJF-ID 11547	11,000	88	Quadratic	Hemispheric	196	0.92	190,066,356	7,744	24,544
		UJF-ID 14020*	11,600	78.8	Quadratic	Flat	147	0	105,683,177	6,209	17,020
		UJF-ID 14020*	11,600	78.8	Quadratic	Hemispheric	231	0.78	211,366,354	6,209	34,040
		UPMC-248	NA	77	Quadratic	Flat	NA	NA	NA	5,929	NA
		UPMC-248	NA	77	Quadratic	Hemispheric	NA	NA	NA	5,929	NA
	Hellerocaris falloti	FSL 710108	1,900	62	Quadratic	Flat	31	0	2,835,287	3,844	738
		FSL 710108	1,900	62	Quadratic	Hemispheric	48	3.74	5,670,575	3,844	1,475
		MNHN.F.A50709*	850	24.25	Quadratic	Flat	35	0	567,450	588	965
		MNHN.F.A50709*	850	24.25	Quadratic	Hemispheric	55	3.27	1,134,900	588	1,930
	Willemoesiocaris ovalis	MNHN.F.A29521*	7,000	68.83	Quadratic	Flat	102	0	38,484,510	4,738	8,122
	Willemoesiocaris ovalis	MNHN.F.A29521*	7,000	68.83	Quadratic	Hemispheric	160	1.13	76,969,020	4,738	16,245
Early Jurassic	Gabaleryon sp.	SMNS 67631	1,850	55	Quadratic	Flat	34	0	2,688,025	3,025	889
	Gabaleryon sp.	SMNS 67631	1,850	55	Quadratic	Hemispheric	53	3.41	5,376,050	3,025	1,777
	Coleia viallii	MSNM.i3368	5600	82	Quadratic	Flat	68	0	24,630,086	6,724	3,663
	Coleia viallii	MSNM.i3368	5600	82	Quadratic	Hemispheric	107	1.68	49,260,173	6,724	7,326
	Coleia barrovensis	NHMUK.I6589	4100	66	Quadratic	Flat	62	0	13,202,543	4,356	3,031
	Coleia barrovensis	NHMUK.I6589	4100	66	Quadratic	Hemispheric	98	1.84	26,405,086	4,356	6,062

The size of square ommatidial facets corresponds to the measure of their side length; that of hexagonal ommatidial facets corresponds to the distance between to opposite summits of the hexagon, which is in turn equal to two times the side length. The asterisks after specimens registry numbers indicate that given values are based on multiple ommatidia length measurements, in these cases average values are given. Measured values for these specimens are indicated in Table 2. Distances in μm, surfaces in μm²

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ISSN: 2056-306X

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