Fig. 5

Illustration of the MB structure of some hymenopteran insects. (Upper panel) Schematic phylogenetic tree of the phytophagous bees, parasitoid wasps and social aculeate insects (honeybee) that derived from ancestor hymenopteran insect. (Middle and lower panels) Characteristics of the life history (middle panels) and schematic drawings of the MB structures of the phytophagous bees, parasitoid wasps and social aculeate insects (lower panels), respectively. Lips and collars of MB calyces in the parasitoid wasps and social aculeate insects are colored in blue and purple, and basal rings of MB calyces of a social aculeate insect (honeybee) are colored in pink, respectively. Original figures (photos) from [10] were modified and used with permission