Fig. 5

Comparisons of relative expression levels of enzyme genes in hind tibias. a: The mevalonate pathway with responsible catalytic enzymes. b–f: Expression levels of genes coding the mevalonate pathway enzymes. b: HMG-CoA synthetase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase, HMGS1), c: phosphomevalonate kinase (MevPK), d: mevalonate 5-diphosphate decarboxylase (MevPPD1), e: isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomelase (IPPI1), f: farnesyl diphosphate synthetase (FPPS). Blank and gray bars indicate parthenogenetic (PF) and oviparous females (OF), respectively. Vertical axes show relative expression levels. Asterisks indicate significant difference between parthenogenetic and oviparous females (Student’s t-test, P < 0.01)