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Fig. 8 | Zoological Letters

Fig. 8

From: Comparative morphology of ultimate and walking legs in the centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda) with functional implications

Fig. 8

Morphology and anatomy of the ultimate leg-associated ganglion (G15). a, b 3D reconstruction of G15, the terminal ganglion, and associated nerves. MicroCT analysis, lateral and dorsal views. Note the posteriad directed nerves. Scale bars 200 μm. c 3D reconstruction of walking leg-associated ganglion 10, based on microCT analysis, dorsal view (modified after [18]). Note the laterad projecting nerves. Scale bar 200 μm. d Autofluorescence preparation of G15 and terminal ganglion. cLSM maximum projection of the ventral part of the ganglion. Within the ganglion, leg afferents from nerves N4 and N5 comprise prominent anteriad projections, including the glomeruli of the ventral neuropilar domain (asterisks) and the ventral lamellate domain (vld). Note that projections proceed into the anterior connectives. In addition, posteriad projections (dpp and vpp) proceed into the terminal ganglion. Scale bar 100 μm. e–g Volume visualizations of posterior vnc with G15 and terminal ganglion based on microCT analysis. e and f sagittal view, g horizontal view. The entire posterior vnc is embedded in the tissue of accessory glands (ag) of the male reproductive system. e Tracheal ducts (tra) penetrate TG and G15. f Leg afferents of N4 + N5 proceed anteriad into the ganglion comprising a dorsal anteriad projection (dap), a ventral lamellate domain (vld), as well as the ventral neuropilar domain (asterisk). g Different virtual, horizontal sections showing afferents from N4 + N5 splitting into a dorsal and ventral anteriad projection (dap and vap, right half), the ventral lamellate domain (vld, left half), and the ventral neuropilar domain (vnd, right half). Dorsal and ventral posteriad projections (dpp and vpp) target the terminal ganglion. Note the highly contrasted somata of motoneurons (mn, right half). Abbreviations: ag accessory glands, con connective, cu cuticle, dap dorsal anteriad projection, dpp dorsal posteriad projection, G ganglion of the vnc, m1–14 transversal muscle 1 of trunk segment 14, mn motoneurons, N nerve, nl neurilemma, so somata, st sternite, TG terminal ganglion, tra tracheal ducts, vap ventral anteriad projection, vld ventral lamellate domain, vnd ventral neuropilar domain, vpp ventral posteriad projection

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