Fig. 3

Postlarval instar 1 of Pallenopsis villosa (continued). SEM micrographs (b–g) and stereomicroscopic image of Sytox-stained specimen (a). a Ventral view. Asterisks mark the developing ventral ganglia. The arrow points at the slit-shaped proctodeum anlage. Arrowheads indicate ventral intersegmental folds between the walking leg segments. b Detail in ventral view. Arrowheads mark the cuticular pits of the ventral organs in walking leg segments 1 and 2. Arrows point at the ventro-distal setae on coxa 3 and tibia 2 of walking leg 1. c Lateral view of walking leg 1. Note complete external articulation apart from the tarsus-propodus precursor (7 + 8). Arrows point at the ventro-distal setae on coxa 3 and tibia 2. The arrowhead highlights a ventral spine/seta on the tarsus-propodus precursor. d Detail of the posterior body pole. The cuticle of the anal tubercle is distally closed (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the characteristic ventro-distal seta of future tibia 2 and the subterminal seta marking the distal end of the prospective propodus. e & f Details of the main claw of walking leg 1. The asterisks mark the three stereotypic setae at the distal end of the future propodus. Note the presence either of two (e) or only one (f) auxiliary claw(s) (arrowheads) at the base of the main claw. g Detail of the bifurcating and trifurcating “Gabelborsten” types. Abbreviations: br – brain; ch – cheliphore; ovl – ovigeral larval limb; pal – palpal larval limb; pr – proboscis; wl – walking leg