Table 2 Selected skeletal and dental characters in selected pelagic durophagous stingray genera

 Rostral radials

12–15

?

7–17

7–10

10–16

 Propterygial radials (excl. rostral)

35

25

19–23

13–16

11–15

 Mesopterygial radials

10–12

?

16–23

24–28

30–37

 Metapterygial radials

40

?

41–52

41–53

55–66

 Total pectoral radials (excl. rostral)

87

?

79–92

79–92

89–116

 Pelvic radials

22–23

?

17–25

14–19

14–19

 Monospondylous trunk vertebrae (excl. synarcual)

20–22

?

24–32

31–42

31–41

 Diplospondylous vertebrae (anterior to sting)

148

?

34–48

5–20

13–31

 Diplospondylous vertebrae (posterior to sting)

50

?

36–47

34–36

25–33

 Total vertebrae

218

85 +?

108–117

80–86

80–97

 Number of stings

1

1

1–3

0–2

1–2

 Compagibus laminam

absent

present?

absent/present

present

present

 Continuity pectoral - rostral radials

continuous

?

continuous

interrupted

interrupted

 Rostral radials less developed than pectoral radials

yes

?

no

yes

yes

 Mesopterygium

single

fragmented?

fragmented

absent/fused

absent/fused

 Puboischiadic bar

slightly arched

?

slightly arched

slightly arched

greatly arched

 Medial teeth width/length ratio

Upper

3.6–4.1

6.0

3.0–7.0

4.0–18.0

10.0–13.0

Lower

3.8–4.5

6.0

3.0–5.0

4.0–18.0

6.0–11.0

 Medial teeth shape

Upper

slightly bent

moderately bent

straight to moderately bent

straight to bent to M-shaped (adult)

straight to M-shaped

Lower

straight to slightly bent

almost straight

straight to moderately bent

straight to strongly bent

V-shaped

 Lateral tooth row number

Upper

2

1

2–3

0–2

0

Lower

2

1

2–4

0–2

0

 Posterior tooth row number

1

1

1

0–1

0

 Lateral teeth shape

hexagonal/rhomboidal

hexagonal/square

hexagonal/square/lozenge

square/lozenge

–