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Table 4 Morphological traits among the eye muscles of birds. Size comparisons for the rectus muscles are mainly based on their size at the point of insertion

From: Digital dissection of the head of the rock dove (Columba livia) using contrast-enhanced computed tomography

  Sparrow Turkey Tinamou Pigeon Pigeon
Fig. 16 a b c d f
Ref Slonaker 1918 Harvey et al. 1968 Elzanowski 1987 Chard and Gundlach 1937 Our digital segmentation
  [99] [108] [115] [102] na
size of the mObDo relative to the mRecDo similar twice as wide twice as wide wider wider
size of m. RecLa vs mRecMe larger smaller smaller smaller smaller
location of the insertion of the mRecVe relative to the insertion of the mPyrMemNic level lateral far lateral lateral lateral
extent of overlap by the mRecVe of the origin of the mPyrMedNic ~ 100% ~ 40% < 5% ~ 40% ~ 40%
size of the mRecDo vs mRecVe similar smaller larger larger larger
location of the insertion of the mObVe relative to the insertion of the mRecVe far lateral lateral lateral far lateral lateral
extent of overlap by the mObVe of the origin of the mRecVe < 5% ~ 70% ~ 70% < 5% ~ 50%
proximity of the insertion of the mRecMe to the mObDo distant very close close very close distant?
Location of the insertion of the mRecDo relative to that of the mQuMemNic aligned at lateral edges aligned at lateral edges aligned at medial edges aligned at lateral edges aligned at lateral edges
mRecMe > mRecLa no no? yes yes yes
mRecMe > mRecDo no yes no yes yes
mRecMe > mRecVe no no? yes yes yes
mRecDo > mRecVe no no yes yes yes
mRecDo > mRecLa no no yes no no
mRecLa > mRecVe slightly slightly slightly slightly slightly
m. Palpebrae Obliquus (m. LevPalOb) absent Not reported present Not reported absent
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