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Table 4 Morphological traits among the eye muscles of birds. Size comparisons for the rectus muscles are mainly based on their size at the point of insertion

From: Digital dissection of the head of the rock dove (Columba livia) using contrast-enhanced computed tomography

 

Sparrow

Turkey

Tinamou

Pigeon

Pigeon

Fig. 16

a

b

c

d

f

Ref

Slonaker 1918

Harvey et al. 1968

Elzanowski 1987

Chard and Gundlach 1937

Our digital segmentation

 

[99]

[108]

[115]

[102]

na

size of the mObDo relative to the mRecDo

similar

twice as wide

twice as wide

wider

wider

size of m. RecLa vs mRecMe

larger

smaller

smaller

smaller

smaller

location of the insertion of the mRecVe relative to the insertion of the mPyrMemNic

level

lateral

far lateral

lateral

lateral

extent of overlap by the mRecVe of the origin of the mPyrMedNic

~ 100%

~ 40%

< 5%

~ 40%

~ 40%

size of the mRecDo vs mRecVe

similar

smaller

larger

larger

larger

location of the insertion of the mObVe relative to the insertion of the mRecVe

far lateral

lateral

lateral

far lateral

lateral

extent of overlap by the mObVe of the origin of the mRecVe

< 5%

~ 70%

~ 70%

< 5%

~ 50%

proximity of the insertion of the mRecMe to the mObDo

distant

very close

close

very close

distant?

Location of the insertion of the mRecDo relative to that of the mQuMemNic

aligned at lateral edges

aligned at lateral edges

aligned at medial edges

aligned at lateral edges

aligned at lateral edges

mRecMe > mRecLa

no

no?

yes

yes

yes

mRecMe > mRecDo

no

yes

no

yes

yes

mRecMe > mRecVe

no

no?

yes

yes

yes

mRecDo > mRecVe

no

no

yes

yes

yes

mRecDo > mRecLa

no

no

yes

no

no

mRecLa > mRecVe

slightly

slightly

slightly

slightly

slightly

m. Palpebrae Obliquus (m. LevPalOb)

absent

Not reported

present

Not reported

absent