Fig. 8
From: Life in a tube: morphology of the ctenostome bryozoan Hypophorella expansa
Detail of the apertural area and musculature of Hypophorella expansa. f-actin (glow), nuclei and autofluoescence (gray), CSLM, volume rendering. a Basal view of the apertural area showing a partially protruding polypide and an everted gnawing apparatus. b Same as in A, showing the musculature only. c View of the bilateral arrangement of the vestibular wall muscles in form of ‘vestibular lips’. d Lateral view of the partially protruded lophophore and gnawing apparatus. e Detail of the basal side of the vestibular wall muscles and associated apertural muscles. f Basal view of the apertural area showing the diaphragmatic sphincter. Abbreviations: bov – open bundles of the vestibular wall muscles, bvm – basal vestibular muscles, db – duplicature band, ds – diaphragmatic sphincter, fvm – frontal vestibular muscles, gwa – gnawing apparatus, lb. – lophophoral base, pdm – parieto-diaphragmatic muscles, pxm – pharyngeal ring muscles, tm – tentacle muscles, vm – vestibular muscles, vwm – vestibular wall muscles