Fig. 6

a Differences of monthly survival rates of males (green) and females (red) in the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Both sexes tend to have lower survival rate in the breeding season (φ_{non-breeding female}: 0.8526, 0.8236–0.8776, φ_{breeding female}: 0.7801, 0.7381–0.817; φ_{non-breeding male}: 0.8454, 0.8170–0.8701, φ_{breeding male}: 0.8091, 0.7646–0.8468). The increased mortality in the breeding season leads to a low survival rate during this period, and the significant decrease in females leads to a male-biased population structure in the non-breeding season. b Statistics of individuals with longest capture intervals. The high mortality rate leads to the short life span of the lizards: among the 4844 lizards ever being recaptured, only 11.44% (N = 554) survived for more than 12 months, and only 0.91% (N = 44) survived for more than 24 months. Short life span of Takydromus viridipunctatus demonstrated by recapture records