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Fig. 2 | Zoological Letters

Fig. 2

From: Structure and development of the complex helmet of treehoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Membracidae)

Fig. 2

Adult morphology of focal species, Antianthe expansa.a Adults and nymphs of Antianthe expansa in the field. Adults and various nymphal instars are present on the same branch and are often associated with ants. b Side view of adult. Scale bar indicates 1 mm. c Virtual sagittal section of adult via micro-CT scan imaging. Head, prothorax (T1), mesothorax (T2), metathorax (T3) and abdomen are indicated in different colors. Connection point of head, helmet (dorsal prothorax), and mesothorax is magnified in C’. ISM:  intersegmental membrane. d Diagram of cross section of C. It can be clearly seen that the helmet is a thin structure and connects only at the most anterior region. e Frontal view of adult via micro-CT imaging. The dorsalmost region of the helmet was graphically excised to show the inner side of the helmet. White arrows indicate a pair of lateral projections (humeral horns). f Magnified image of dashed window in E. Highlighted in green is the septum and in orange is dorsal part of the mesothorax (T2)

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