Skip to main content
Fig. 6 | Zoological Letters

Fig. 6

From: Structure and development of the complex helmet of treehoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Membracidae)

Fig. 6

Observation of developing helmet via SEM and paraffin section. a Whole morphology of developing miniature helmet by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) after removing outer nymphal cuticles. b Ventral view of miniature helmet by SEM. Septum is highlighted in green. c Paraffin section of miniature helmet. Upper (red line) and lower (blue line) layers can be recognized. Also, the median carina has already formed at top of the helmet, indicated as light blue. d Whole morphology of fully developed helmet by SEM after removing outer nymphal cuticles. e Magnified view of surface of the helmet. There are dense micro furrows and deep macro furrow (white arrowhead). Some areas have zigzag micro furrows (highlighted in pink) and some have parallel regular furrows (highlighted in blue). The micro furrows determine the rate and direction of expansion when extended. f Paraffin section of fully developed folded helmet. A deep macro furrow was made by bending the bi-layer cell sheet (black arrowhead)

Back to article page