Fig. 7
From: Linoleic acid as corpse recognition signal in a social aphid
Cleaning behavior of soldiers of T. styraci against live and dead aphids treated with linoleic acid. For each experimental treatment, 10 non-soldier test insects were introduced into the artificial diet arena containing 100 young soldiers, and continuously observed for 30 min to monitor whether they are pushed by soldiers or not. Live non-soldier aphids and freshly killed non-soldier aphids were subjected to no treatment as negative control, hexane treatment as solvent control, and linoleic acid treatment, which were replicated 4 times respectively. Dead non-soldier aphids 3 days after killing were also examined as positive control. In total, 280 non-soldier test insects derived from two galls were subjected to the experiments. The numbers of non-soldier insects pushed by soldier(s) were compared between the experimental treatments. Different alphabetical letters (a–b) indicate statistically significant differences (GLMM with sequential Bonferroni; P < 0.05)