Table 2 Comparison of digit ratios (2D:3D, 2D:4D, and 3D:4D) on the forelimbs and hindlimbs between adult males and females of the common toad Bufo bufo, according to both forelimb digit numbering protocols (variants I and II). The last two columns present estimated absolute values of the effect size according to Hedges’ g statistics with magnitude categories

I

2D:3D^a

Fore

L

157

0.673 ± 0.067

136

0.708 ± 0.065 ***

−4.611

285.9

< 0.001

0.538

medium

R

155

0.674 ± 0.062

138

0.717 ± 0.078 ***

−5.289

262.55

< 0.001

0.625

medium

II

2D:3D

Fore

L

157

1.271 ± 0.162

139

1.184 ± 0.104 ***

5.537

269.83

< 0.001

0.627

medium

R

157

1.187 ± 0.147

140

1.195 ± 0.161

−0.421

283.38

0.674

0.049

negligible

I

2D:4D

Fore

L

157

1.024 ± 0.154

139

1.035 ± 0.126

−0.728

292.12

0.467

0.084

negligible

R

156

1.084 ± 0.196

140

1.081 ± 0.164

0.167

292.44

0.867

0.019

negligible

II

2D:4D

Fore

L

157

0.850 ± 0.089

136

0.836 ± 0.089

1.266

290.91

0.207

0.146

negligible

R

155

0.797 ± 0.106

137

0.849 ± 0.089 ***

−4.585

289.45

< 0.001

0.531

medium

I

3D:4D

Fore

L

157

1.526 ± 0.203

136

1.461 ± 0.144 **

3.154

280.23

0.002

0.360

small

R

155

1.612 ± 0.258

137

1.507 ± 0.171 ***

4.159

269.63

< 0.001

0.475

small

n/a

2D:3D

Hind

L

157

0.709 ± 0.065

139

0.690 ± 0.057 *

2.590

293.86

0.010

0.298

small

R

157

0.695 ± 0.063

139

0.681 ± 0.077

1.635

268.44

0.103

0.192

negligible

n/a

2D:4D

Hind

L

157

0.413 ± 0.042

137

0.416 ± 0.035

−0.677

291.68

0.4989

0.078

negligible

R

157

0.413 ± 0.048

138

0.414 ± 0.058

− 0.053

266.98

0.958

0.006

negligible

n/a

3D:4D

Hind

L

158

0.584 ± 0.044

139

0.605 ± 0.053 ***

−3.751

268.8

< 0.001

0.440

small

R

158

0.591 ± 0.055

140

0.608 ± 0.060

−1.743

283.41

0.082

−0.203

small