Fig. 1

Daily expression profiles of Gb’E(z) and clock genes in the optic lobe of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus under LD 12:12. Blue and green symbols with solid lines indicate the mRNA levels of Gb’E(z) (a), Gb’per (b), Gb’tim (c), and Gb’cyc (d) in DsRed2 ^RNAi and Gb’E(z)^RNAi crickets, respectively. For Gb’E(z) data (a), intact crickets are also shown by orange symbols. In RNAi crickets, the optic lobes were collected seven days after dsRNA injection. mRNA abundance was measured by qPCR, with total RNA extracted from the optic lobes. Data collected from 3–15 independent measurements were averaged and plotted as mean ± SEM. The values shown are relative to those of Gb’rpl18a mRNA, which was used as an internal reference. For Gb’E(z), values with different lower case letters at each ZT significantly differ from each other (Tukey-test, P < 0.01). For Gb’per, Gb’tim, and Gb’cyc, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, t-test vs DsRed2 ^RNAi and values with different lower case letters of the same color differ significantly from each other (Tukey-test, P < 0.05). The Gb’E(z) mRNA showed no daily rhythms in intact, DsRed2 ^RNAi, or Gb’E(z)^RNAi crickets, whereas the mRNA of other three genes showed a clear oscillation in both DsRed2 ^RNAi and Gb’E(z)^RNAi crickets (ANOVA, P < 0.01)