Fig. 1

Timing of the first and second ootheca productions in 11 experimental groups (G1-G11). a Photograph of two female cockroaches housed in a circular plastic container for the behavioral assay. b-l Scatter plots showing intervals between the imaginal molt and the first ootheca production (red) and the second ootheca production (blue) of individual females in different experimental groups. Each dot represents the interval of identified individuals. Red and blue lines indicate the mean period for the first and the second ootheca productions and pale red and blue bands indicate the width of the standard deviation for the first and the second ootheca productions