Fig. 2

Tyramine downregulates calcium activity in RME. a Biosynthetic pathway of tyramine and octopamine. Genes encoding synthetic enzymes are shown under the arrows. b Calcium dynamics of RME in the tdc-1(ok914) mutant. The gray line shows raw data, and the black line shows moving average data of fluorescence intensity ratio (R = G-CaMP7/DsRed). Green bar: forward locomotion; red bar: backward locomotion; blue bar: photostimulation. c Calcium dynamics of directional switching (t = 0) from forward (green) to backward (red) movements from WT (n = 7 from five animals) and tdc-1 (ok914) (n = 10 from seven animals). Light-blue lines show raw data from individual animals, and dark-blue lines show mean values. Green bar: forward locomotion; red bar: backward locomotion. d Quantitative analysis of fluorescence ratio changes of RME in WT, tdc-1 (ok914) and tbh-1 (ok1196). n = 7–10 from 5 to 7 animals. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, n.s. = not significant, Student’s two-tailed t-test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. Error bars, SEM