Fig. 2

Developmental stages of P. stali. a Photos taken on the first day of each stage. b Developmental patterns of hatching, molting and emergence of 56 insects derived from four egg masses at 25 °C, under 16 h light and 8 h dark, and fed with raw peanuts and water supplemented with ascorbic acid. c Duration of the developmental stages of 51 insects (days, mean ± standard deviation). Note that 5 of 56 insects that we inspected either died as nymphs or failed to attain adulthood within 35 days, and thus are omitted from the analysis