Fig. 9
From: Life in a tube: morphology of the ctenostome bryozoan Hypophorella expansa
General overview of the muscular system of Hypophorella expansa. f-actin staining, CLSM. a Overview of an autozooid showing musculature of the caecum and the basket covering the tentacle sheath. b Autozooid showing broad parietal musculature and longitudinal muscle fibres of the intestine. Abbreviations: apa – apertual area, ca – cardia, ccm – caecal musculature, db – duplicature band, es – esophagus, fvm – frontal vestibular muscles, int – intestine, lb. – lophophoral base, pdm – parieto-diaphragmatic muscles, ph – pharynx, pm – parietal muscles, rm. – retractor muscles, sc – stolonal capsule, som – stolonal transverse muscle, tm – tentacle muscles, tsm – tentacle sheath muscles, vwm – vestibular wall musculature