Male spiny frogs enter the underwater battlefield with loose skin exhibiting enhanced penetration of capillaries into the epidermis

Table 2 Correlations between four skin variables across 10 body regions in Leptobrachium boringii

Variable pair	Breeding male	Non-breeding male	Breeding female
CPR ~ EP [+]	0.306 / 0.306 / P = 0.001	0.002 / 0.346 / P = 0.810	0.258 / 0.258 / P = 0.004
CPR ~ MDPL [+]	0.615 / 0.615 / P < 0.001	0.364 / 0.373 / P = 0.010	0.579 / 0.579 / P < 0.001
MDPL ~ EP [+]	0.890 / 0.890 / P < 0.001	0.728 / 0.830 / P < 0.001	0.883 / 0.883 / P < 0.001
CD ~ EP	0.061 / 0.061 / P = 0.179	0.001 / 0.431 / P = 0.866	0.055 / 0.185 / P = 0.190
CD ~ MDPL [-]	0.072 / 0.072 / P = 0.145	0.111 / 0.740 / P = 0.026	0.225 / 0.309 / P = 0.006
CD ~ CPR [-]	0.058 / 0.058 / P = 0.192	0.173 / 0.774 / P < 0.001	0.613 / 0.670 / P < 0.001

The marginal (left) and conditional (middle) coefficients of determination and P values were derived from generalized linear mixed models where individual was included as a random factor. EP: epidermal thickness; MDPL: average minimum diffusion path length of perfused subepidermal capillaries; CPR: capillary penetration ratio (MDPL/EP); CD: density of perfused subepidermal capillaries; [+]: positive correlation; [-]: negative correlation

ISSN: 2056-306X