Fig. 5

Ciliated structures in oral epithelium of V. multiformis. a-a” The oral surface of V. multiformis was stained with phalloidin (a) and anti-α-tubulin antibody (a’) and merged (a”). b-b” A magnified view of oral surface cells. A series of images from external (b’) to internal (b”) focal planes. Arrowheads indicate positions of representative cells for comparison in different focal planes. c The schematic drawings of the pharyngeal cilia, a characteristic structure observed on the pharyngeal surfaces of pelagic ctenophores [23,24,25, 34]. The pharyngeal cilia are composed of the external microtubular cilia and the intracellular F-actin bundle. Colors in all images indicate anti-α-tubulin (green), phalloidin (magenta), and DAPI (blue) fluorescence. Scale bar, 50 μm (a) or 5 μm (b)