Sambasivan R, Kuratani S, Tajbakhsh S: An eye on the head: the evolution and development of craniofacial muscles.
Development 2011, 138:2401–2415.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Romer AS: The vertebrate as a dual animal - somatic and visceral.
Evol Biol 1972, 6:121–156.
Article
Google Scholar
Bass A, Baker R: Evolution of homologous vocal control traits.
Brain Behav Evol 1991, 38:240–254.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Higashiyama H, Kuratani S: On the maxillary nerve.
J Morphol 2014, 275:17–38.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuratani S: Spatial distribution of postotic crest cells defines the head/trunk interface of the vertebrate body: embryological interpretation of peripheral nerve morphology and evolution of the vertebrate head.
Anat Embryol 1997, 195:1–13.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Matsuoka T, Ahlberg PE, Kessaris N, Iannarelli P, Dennehy U, Richardson WD, McMahon AP, Köntges G: Neural crest origins of the neck and shoulder.
Nature 2005, 436:347–355.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Edgewort FH: The Cranial Muscles of Vertebrates. London: Cambridge University Press; 1935.
Google Scholar
Kuratani S: Evolutionary developmental studies of cyclostomes and origin of the vertebrate neck.
Dev Growth Differ 2008, 50(Suppl 1):189–194.
Article
Google Scholar
Straus WL, Howell AB: The spinal accessory nerve and its musculature.
Quart Rev Biol 1936, 11:387–405.
Article
Google Scholar
Willemse JJ: The innervation of the muscles of the trapezius-complex in giraffe, okapi, camel and llama.
Arch Néerland Zoologie 1958, 2:532–536.
Article
Google Scholar
DeToledo JC, David NJ: Innervation of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles by the accessory nucleus.
J Neuro-Ophthalmol 2001, 21:214–216.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Benninger B, McNeil J: Transitional nerve: a new and original classification of a peripheral nerve supported by the nature of the accessory nerve (CN XI).
Neurol Res Int 2010, 2010:476018.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Edgeworth FH: On the morphology of the cranial muscles in some vertebrates.
Quart J microsc Sci 1911, 56:167–316.
Google Scholar
McKenzie J: The development of the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles.
Cont Embryol 1962, 37:121–129.
Google Scholar
Couly GF, Coltey PM, Le Douarin NM: The triple origin of skull in higher vertebrates: a study in quail-chick chimeras.
Development 1993, 117:409–429.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Noden DM: The role of the neural crest in patterning of avian cranial skeletal, connective, and muscle tissues.
Dev Biol 1983, 96:144–165.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Huang R, Zhi Q, Ordahl CP, Christ B: The fate of the first avian somite.
Anat Embryol 1997, 195:435–449.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theis S, Patel K, Valasek P, Otto A, Pu Q, Harel I, Tzahor E, Tajbakhsh S, Christ B, Huang R: The occipital lateral plate mesoderm is a novel source for vertebrate neck musculature.
Development 2010, 137:2961–2971.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kobayashi N, Homma S, Okada T, Masuda T, Sato N, Nishiyama K, Sakuma C, Shimada T, Yaginuma H: Elucidation of target muscle and detailed development of dorsal motor neurons in chick embryo spinal cord.
J Comp Neurol 2013, 521:2987–3002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kanan CV: Spinal accessory nerve of the camel,
Camelus dromedarius
.
Acta Anat 1969, 74:615–623.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cui S, Xie ZM: Gross anatomy of the accessory nerve and vagus nerve of the head and cranial neck region in the Bactrian camel.
Vet J 1998, 155:317–321.
Article
Google Scholar
Krammer EB, Lischka MF, Egger TP, Riedl M, Gruber H: The motoneuronal organization of the spinal accessory nuclear complex.
Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 1987, 103:1–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ericsson R, Knight R, Johanson Z: Evolution and development of the vertebrate neck.
J Anat 2013, 222:67–78.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diogo R, Ziermann JM: Development of fore- and hindlimb muscles in frogs: morphogenesis, homeotic transformations, digit reduction, and the forelimb-hindlimb enigma.
J Exp Zool Mol Dev Evol 2014, 322:86–105.
Article
Google Scholar
Huang RJ, Zhi QX, Patel K, Wilting J, Christ B: Contribution of single somites to the skeleton and muscles of the occipital and cervical regions in avian embryos.
Anat Embryol 2000, 202:375–383.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Piekarski N, Olsson L: Muscular derivatives of the cranialmost somites revealed by long-term fate mapping in the Mexican axolotl (
Ambystoma mexicanum
).
Evol Dev 2007, 9:566–578.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Christ B, Jacob HJ, Jacob M: Origin of wing musculature. Experimental studies on quail and chick embryos.
Experientia 1974, 30:1446–1449.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Christ B, Jacob HJ, Jacob M, Wachtler F: On the origin, distribution and determination of avian limb mesenchymal cells.
Prog Clin Biol Res 1982, 110B:281–291.
Google Scholar
Epperlein HH, Khattak S, Knapp D, Tanaka EM, Malashichev YB: Neural crest does not contribute to the neck and shoulder in the Axolotl (
Ambystoma mexicanum
).
PLoS ONE 2012, 7:e52244.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kague E, Gallagher M, Burke S, Parsons M, Franz-Odendaal T, Fisher S: Skeletogenic fate of zebrafish cranial and trunk neural crest.
PLoS ONE 2012, 7:e47394.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuratani S: Evolutionary developmental biology and vertebrate head segmentation: a perspective from developmental constraint.
Theory Biosci 2003, 122:230–251.
Article
Google Scholar
Couly GF, Coltey PM, Le Douarin NM: The developmental fate of the cephalic mesoderm in quail-chick chimeras.
Development 1992, 114:1–15.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Adachi N, Takechi M, Hirai T, Kuratani S: Development of the head and trunk mesoderm in the dogfish, Scyliorhinus torazame. II. Comparison of gene expressions between the head mesoderm and somites with reference to the origin of the vertebrate head.
Evol Dev 2012, 14:257–276.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Addens JL: The motor nuclei and root of the cranial and first spinal nerves of vertebrate Part I. Introduction. Cyclostomes.
Z Anat Entwickl-Gesch 1933, 101:307–410.
Article
Google Scholar
Sperry DG, Boord RL: Organization of the vagus in elasmobranchs: its bearing on a primitive gnathostome condition.
Acta Anat 1993, 148:150–159.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Szekely G, Matesz C: Topography and organization of cranial nerve nuclei in the sand lizard,
Lacerta agilis
.
J Comp Neurol 1988, 267:525–544.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wake DB, Nishikawa KC, Dicke U, Roth G: Organization of the motor nuclei in the cervical spinal cord of salamanders.
J Comp Neurol 1988, 278:195–208.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oka Y, Satou M, Ueda K: Morphology and distribution of the motor neurons of the accessory nerve (nXI) in the Japanese toad: a cobaltic lysine study.
Brain Res 1987, 400:383–388.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Black D: The motor nuclei of the cerebral nerves in phylogeny. A study of the phenomena of neurobiotaxis. II. Amphibia.
J Comp Neurol 1917, 28:379–427.
Article
Google Scholar
Bass A, Gilland EH, Baker R: Evolutionary origins for social vocalization in a vertebrate Hindbrain–spinal compartment.
Science 2008, 321:417–421.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Windle W: The sensory components of the spinal accessory nerve.
J Comp Neurol 1931, 53:115–127.
Article
Google Scholar
William L, Straus J, Howell A: The spinal accessory nerve and its musculature.
Q Rev Biol 1936, 11:387–405.
Article
Google Scholar
Pearson AA: The spinal accessory nerve in human embryos.
J Comp Neurol 1937, 68:243–266.
Article
Google Scholar
Romanes GJ: The spinal accessory nerve in the sheep.
J Anat 1940, 74:336–347.
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Romanes GJ: The development and significance of the cell columns in the ventral horn of the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord of the rabbit.
J Anat 1941, 76:112–130.
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
McKenzie J: The morphology of the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles.
J Anat 1955, 89:526–531.
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Flieger S: Experimental determination of the site and extension of the nucleus of the accessory nerve (Xi) in sheep.
Act Anat 1964, 57:220–231.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Flieger S: Experimental demonstration of the position and extent of the N. accressorius (XI) nucleus in the horse.
Act Anat 1966, 63:89–100.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Flieger S: Experimental determination of the topography and range of the nucleus nervi accessorii (XI) in the cow.
J Hirnforsch 1967, 9:187–196.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holomanova A, Benuska J, Durkovicova C, Cierny G, Zlatos J: Localization of the motor cells after denervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the cat.
Fol Morphol 1973, 21:335–337.
CAS
Google Scholar
Holomanova A, Cierny G, Zlatos J: Localization of the motor cells of the spinal root of the accessory nerve in the cat.
Fol Morphol 1972, 20:232–234.
CAS
Google Scholar
Fahrer H, Ludin HP, Mumenthaler M, Neiger M: The innervation of the trapezius muscle. An electrophysiological study.
J Neurol 1974, 207:183–188.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rapoport S: Location of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius motoneurons in the cat.
Brain Res 1978, 156:339–344.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vanner SJ, Rose PK: Dendritic distribution of motoneurons innervating the three heads of the trapezius muscle in the cat.
J Comp Neurol 1984, 226:96–110.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gottschall J, Zenker W, Neuhuber W, Mysicka A, Muntener M: The sternomastoid muscle of the rat and its innervation. Muscle fiber composition, perikarya and axons of efferent and afferent neurons.
Anat Embryol 1980, 160:285–300.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robards MJ, Stritzel M, Robertson RT: Ventral horn cells of the cervical cord project to neck muscles and brain.
Brain Res 1980, 189:519–523.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karim MA, Nah SH: Localization of motoneurons innervating the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the monkey, rat and rabbit: a horseradish peroxidase study.
Brain Res 1981, 206:145–148.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kitamura S, Sakai A: A study on the localization of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius motoneurons in the rat by means of the HRP method.
Anat Rec 1982, 202:527–536.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Augustine JR, White JF: The accessory nerve nucleus in the baboon.
Anat Rec 1986, 214:312–320.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jenny A, Smith J, Decker J: Motor organization of the spinal accessory nerve in the monkey.
Brain Res 1988, 441:352–356.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berry M, Ibrahim M, Carlile J, Ruge F, Duncan A, Butt AM: Axon-glial relationships in the anterior medullary velum of the adult rat.
J Neurocytol 1995, 24:965–983.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lachman N, Acland RD, Rosse C: Anatomical evidence for the absence of a morphologically distinct cranial root of the accessory nerve in man.
Clin Anat 2002, 15:4–10.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hayakawa T, Takanaga A, Tanaka K, Maeda S, Seki M: Ultrastructure and synaptic organization of the spinal accessory nucleus of the rat.
Anat Embryol 2002, 205:193–201.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ullah M, Salman SS: Localisation of the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve in the rabbit.
J Anat 1986, 145:97–107.
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yan J, Aizawa Y, Hitomi J: Localization of motoneurons that extend axons through the ventral rami of cervical nerves to innervate the trapezius muscle: a study using fluorescent dyes and 3D reconstruction method.
Clin Anat 2007, 20:41–47.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ueyama T, Satoda T, Tashiro T, Sugimoto T, Matsushima R, Mizuno N: Infrahyoid and accessory motoneurons in the Japanese monkey (
Macaca fuscata
).
J Comp Neurol 1990, 291:373–382.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Satomi H, Takahashi K, Aoki M, Kasaba T, Kurosawa Y, Otsuka K: Localization of the spinal accessory motoneurons in the cervical cord in connection with the phrenic nucleus: an HRP study in cats.
Brain Res 1985, 344:227–230.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clavenzani P, Scapolo PA, Callegari E, Barazzoni AM, Petrosino G, Lucchi ML, Bortolami R: Motoneuron organisation of the muscles of the spinal accessory complex of the sheep investigated with the fluorescent retrograde tracer technique.
J Anat 1994, 184:381–385.
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ullah M, Mansor O, Ismail ZI, Kapitonova MY, Sirajudeen KN: Localization of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerve in rat: a horseradish peroxidase study.
J Anat 2007, 210:428–438.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dubois FS, Foley FJ: Experimental studies on the vagus and spinal accessory nerves in the cat.
Anat Rec 1936, 64:285–307.
Article
Google Scholar
Matesz C, Székely G: The motor nuclei of the glossopharyngeal-vagal and the accessorius nerves in the rat.
Act Biol Hung 1983, 34:215–229.
CAS
Google Scholar
Lenhossék M: Ueber Nervenfasern in den hinteren Wurzeln, welche aus dem Vorderhorn entspringen. Jena, Germany: Fischer; 1890.
Google Scholar
Hirsch MR, Glover JC, Dufour HD, Brunet JF, Goridis C: Forced expression of Phox2 homeodomain transcription factors induces a branchio-visceromotor axonal phenotype.
Dev Biol 2007, 303:687–702.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kappers A: Phenomena of neurobiotaxis as demonstrated by the position of the motor nuclei of the oblongata.
J Nerv Ment Dis 1919, 50:1–16.
Article
Google Scholar
Kappers A: On structual laws in the nervous system: the principes of neurobiotaxis.
Brain 1921, 44:125–149.
Article
Google Scholar
Nugent SG, O'Sullivan VR, Fraher JP, Rea BB: Central-peripheral transitional zone of the spinal accessory nerve in the rat.
J Anat 1991, 175:19–25.
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rossiter JP, Fraher JP: Intermingling of central and peripheral nervous tissues in rat dorsolateral vagal rootlet transitional zones.
J Neurocytol 1990, 19:385–407.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fraher JP, Kaar GF: The lumbar ventral root-spinal cord transitional zone in the rat. A morphological study during development and at maturity.
J Anat 1986, 145:109–122.
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fraher JP: The transitional zone and CNS regeneration.
J Anat 1999, 194:161–182.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuraku S, Kuratani S: Timescale for cyclostome evolution inferred with a phylogenetic diagnosis of hagfish and lamprey cDNAs.
Zool Sci 2006, 23:1053–1064.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuratani S, Kuraku S, Murakami Y: Lamprey as an Evo-Devo model: lessons from comparative embryology and molecular phylogenetics.
Genesis 2002, 34:175–195.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kusakabe R, Kuraku S, Kuratani S: Expression and interaction of muscle-related genes in the lamprey imply the evolutionary scenario for vertebrate skeletal muscle, in association with the acquisition of the neck and fins.
Dev Biol 2011, 350:217–227.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dietrich S: Regulation of hypaxial muscle development.
Cell Tissue Res 1999, 296:175–182.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Winslow BB, Takimoto-Kimura R, Burke AC: Global patterning of the vertebrate mesoderm.
Dev Dyn 2007, 236:2371–2381.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Trinajstic K, Sanchez S, Dupret V, Tafforeau P, Long J, Young G, Senden T, Boisvert C, Power N, Ahlberg PE: Fossil musculature of the most primitive jawed vertebrates.
Science 2013, 341:160–164.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tahara Y: Normal stages of development in the lamprey,
Lampetra reissneri
(Dybowski).
Zool Sci 1988, 5:109–118.
Google Scholar
Murakami Y, Ogasawara M, Sugahara F, Hirano S, Satoh N, Kuratani S: Identification and expression of the lamprey
Pax6
gene: evolutionary origin of the segmented brain of vertebrates.
Development 2001, 128:3521–3531.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Glover JC: Retrograde and anterograde axonal tracing with fluorescent dextran amines in the embryonic nervous system.
Neurosci Protocols 1995, 30:1–13.
Google Scholar
Sharma K, Sheng HZ, Lettieri K, Li H, Karavanov A, Potter S, Westphal H, Pfaff SL: LIM homeodomain factors Lhx3 and Lhx4 assign subtype identities for motor neurons.
Cell 1998, 95:817–828.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Briscoe J, Pierani A, Jessell TM, Ericson J: A homeodomain protein code specifies progenitor cell identity and neuronal fate in the ventral neural tube.
Cell 2000, 101:435–445.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Varela-Echavarria A, Pfaff SL, Guthrie S: Differential expression of LIM homeobox genes among motor neuron subpopulations in the developing chick brain stem.
Mol Cell Neurosci 1996, 8:242–257.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guthrie S: Patterning and axon guidance of cranial motor neurons.
Nat Rev Neurosci 2007, 8:859–871.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pabst O, Rummelies J, Winter B, Arnold HH: Targeted disruption of the homeobox gene Nkx2.9 reveals a role in development of the spinal accessory nerve.
Development 2003, 130:1193–1202.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dillon AK, Fujita SC, Matise MP, Jarjour AA, Kennedy TE, Kollmus H, Arnold HH, Weiner JA, Sanes JR, Kaprielian Z: Molecular control of spinal accessory motor neuron/axon development in the mouse spinal cord.
J Neurosci 2005, 25:10119–10130.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dillon AK, Jevince AR, Hinck L, Ackerman SL, Lu X, Tessier-Lavigne M, Kaprielian Z: UNC5C is required for spinal accessory motor neuron development.
Mol Cell Neurosci 2007, 35:482–489.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burgess RW, Jucius TJ, Ackerman SL: Motor axon guidance of the mammalian trochlear and phrenic nerves: Dependence on the netrin receptor
Unc5c
and modifier loci.
J Neurosci 2006, 26:5756–5766.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar