Articles

• Search by keyword
• Search by citation

1. Evolutionary and developmental understanding of the spinal accessory nerve

   The vertebrate spinal accessory nerve (SAN) innervates the cucullaris muscle, the major muscle of the neck, and is recognized as a synapomorphy that defines living jawed vertebrates. Morphologically, the cucul...

   Authors: Motoki N Tada and Shigeru Kuratani

   Citation: Zoological Letters 2015 1:4

   Content type: Review Published on: 13 January 2015

   • View Full Text
   • View PDF

2. Unexpected link between polyketide synthase and calcium carbonate biomineralization

   Calcium carbonate biominerals participate in diverse physiological functions. Despite intensive studies, little is known about how mineralization is initiated in organisms.

   Authors: Motoki Hojo, Ai Omi, Gen Hamanaka, Kazutoshi Shindo, Atsuko Shimada, Mariko Kondo, Takanori Narita, Masato Kiyomoto, Yohei Katsuyama, Yasuo Ohnishi, Naoki Irie and Hiroyuki Takeda

   Citation: Zoological Letters 2015 1:3

   Content type: Research article Published on: 13 January 2015

   • View Full Text
   • View PDF

3. Evolution of the vertebrate skeleton: morphology, embryology, and development

   Two major skeletal systems—the endoskeleton and exoskeleton—are recognized in vertebrate evolution. Here, we propose that these two systems are distinguished primarily by their relative positions, not by diffe...

   Authors: Tatsuya Hirasawa and Shigeru Kuratani

   Citation: Zoological Letters 2015 1:2

   Content type: Review Published on: 13 January 2015

   • View Full Text
   • View PDF

4. Did homeobox gene duplications contribute to the Cambrian explosion?

   The Cambrian explosion describes an apparently rapid increase in the diversity of bilaterian animals around 540–515 million years ago. Bilaterian animals explore the world in three-dimensions deploying forward...

   Authors: Peter W H Holland

   Citation: Zoological Letters 2015 1:1

   Content type: Review Published on: 13 January 2015

   • View Full Text
   • View PDF